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School transitions : ウィキペディア英語版
School transitions

School transitions are the conversions students go through as they change schools throughout their lives. These transitions play a major role in the development of young people’s decisions and serve as a milestone which can direct them in a number of ways. There are two main types of school transitions: normative school transitions and non-normative school transitions or transfers.〔() Frisco, Michelle L. "School Transitions." Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Ritzer, George (Ed). Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Blackwell Reference Online. 13 November 2008〕
==Normative school transitions==
Normative school transitions refer to the transitions of students from elementary school to middle school and from middle school to high school. As each transition occurs, the student generally undergoes many different changes. These changes can be anything from an increase in the size of the school, to the change in friends that one meets. Every student adapts to normative transitions differently and there are a multitude of things that influence how easily or poorly they adapt. Race, gender, location, age, and academic ability all affect the transition.〔 According to Karen Könings from Maastricht University, the expectations students have when arriving to a new school are widely influential to how they will perform.〔() Könings, Karen, Saskia Brand-Gruwel, Jeroen Van Merriënboer, and Nick Broers. "Does a new learning environment come up to students' expectations? A longitudinal study." Journal of Educational Psychology 100 (2008): 535-48. PsycINFO. Academic Search Premier.〕 Often it is among the first few weeks that students build the relationships and networks that collectively form these expectations.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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